STATISTICS: TERMS

A posteriori probability (disambiguation) A priori probability Abductive reasoning Absolute deviation Absolute risk reduction Absorbing Markov chain ABX test Accelerated failure time model Acceptable quality limit Acceptance sampling Accidental sampling Accuracy and precision Accuracy paradox Acquiescence bias Actuarial science Adapted process Adaptive estimator Additive Markov chain Additive model Additive smoothing Additive white Gaussian noise Adjusted Rand index – see Rand index (subsection) ADMB – software Admissible decision rule Age adjustment Age-standardized mortality rate Age stratification Aggregate data Aggregate pattern Akaike information criterion Algebra of random variables Algebraic statistics Algorithmic inference Algorithms for calculating variance All models are wrong All-pairs testing Allan variance Alignments of random points Almost surely Alpha beta filter Alternative hypothesis Analyse-it – software Analysis of categorical data Analysis of covariance Analysis of molecular variance Analysis of rhythmic variance Analysis of variance Analytic and enumerative statistical studies Ancestral graph Anchor test Ancillary statistic ANCOVA – redirects to Analysis of covariance Anderson–Darling test ANOVA ANOVA on ranks ANOVA–simultaneous component analysis Anomaly detection Anomaly time series Anscombe transform Anscombe's quartet Antecedent variable Antithetic variates Approximate Bayesian computation Approximate entropy Arcsine distribution Area chart Area compatibility factor ARGUS distribution Arithmetic mean Armitage–Doll multistage model of carcinogenesis Arrival theorem Artificial neural network Ascertainment bias ASReml – software Association (statistics) Association mapping Association scheme Assumed mean Astrostatistics Asymptotic distribution Asymptotic equipartition property (information theory) Asymptotic normality – redirects to Asymptotic distribution Asymptotic relative efficiency – redirects to Efficiency (statistics) Asymptotic theory (statistics) Atkinson index Attack rate Augmented Dickey–Fuller test Aumann's agreement theorem Autocorrelation Autocorrelation plot – redirects to Correlogram Autocovariance Autoregressive conditional duration Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average Autoregressive integrated moving average Autoregressive model Autoregressive–moving-average model Auxiliary particle filter Average Average treatment effect Averaged one-dependence estimators Azuma's inequality B BA model – model for a random network Backfitting algorithm Balance equation Balanced incomplete block design – redirects to Block design Balanced repeated replication Balding–Nichols model Banburismus – related to Bayesian networks Bangdiwala's B Bapat–Beg theorem Bar chart Barabási–Albert model Barber–Johnson diagram Barnard's test Barnardisation Barnes interpolation Bartlett's method Bartlett's test Bartlett's theorem Base rate Baseball statistics Basu's theorem Bates distribution Baum–Welch algorithm Bayes classifier Bayes error rate Bayes estimator Bayes factor Bayes linear statistics Bayes' rule Bayes' theorem Evidence under Bayes theorem Bayesian – disambiguation Bayesian average Bayesian brain Bayesian econometrics Bayesian experimental design Bayesian game Bayesian inference Bayesian inference in marketing Bayesian inference in phylogeny Bayesian inference using Gibbs sampling Bayesian information criterion Bayesian linear regression Bayesian model comparison – see Bayes factor Bayesian multivariate linear regression Bayesian network Bayesian probability Bayesian search theory Bayesian spam filtering Bayesian statistics Bayesian tool for methylation analysis Bayesian vector autoregression BCMP network – queueing theory Bean machine Behrens–Fisher distribution Behrens–Fisher problem Belief propagation Belt transect Benford's law Benini distribution Bennett's inequality Berkson error model Berkson's paradox Berlin procedure Bernoulli distribution Bernoulli process Bernoulli sampling Bernoulli scheme Bernoulli trial Bernstein inequalities (probability theory) Bernstein–von Mises theorem Berry–Esseen theorem Bertrand's ballot theorem Bertrand's box paradox Bessel process Bessel's correction Best linear unbiased prediction Beta (finance) Beta-binomial distribution Beta-binomial model Beta distribution Beta function – for incomplete beta function Beta negative binomial distribution Beta prime distribution Beta rectangular distribution Beverton–Holt model Bhatia–Davis inequality Bhattacharya coefficient – redirects to Bhattacharyya distance Bias (statistics) Bias of an estimator Biased random walk (biochemistry) Biased sample – see Sampling bias Biclustering Big O in probability notation Bienaymé–Chebyshev inequality Bills of Mortality Bimodal distribution Binary classification Bingham distribution Binomial distribution Binomial proportion confidence interval Binomial regression Binomial test Bioinformatics Biometrics (statistics) – redirects to Biostatistics Biostatistics Biplot Birnbaum–Saunders distribution Birth–death process Bispectrum Bivariate analysis Bivariate von Mises distribution Black–Scholes Bland–Altman plot Blind deconvolution Blind experiment Block design Blocking (statistics) BMDP – software Bochner's theorem Bonferroni correction Bonferroni inequalities – redirects to Boole's inequality Boole's inequality Boolean analysis Bootstrap aggregating Bootstrap error-adjusted single-sample technique Bootstrapping (statistics) Bootstrapping populations Borel–Cantelli lemma Bose–Mesner algebra Box–Behnken design Box–Cox distribution Box–Cox transformation – redirects to Power transform Box–Jenkins Box–Muller transform Box–Pierce test Box plot Branching process Bregman divergence Breusch–Godfrey test Breusch–Pagan statistic – redirects to Breusch–Pagan test Breusch–Pagan test Brown–Forsythe test Brownian bridge Brownian excursion Brownian motion Brownian tree Bruck–Ryser–Chowla theorem Burke's theorem Burr distribution Business statistics Bühlmann model Buzen's algorithm BV4.1 (software) C c-chart Càdlàg Calculating demand forecast accuracy Calculus of predispositions Calibrated probability assessment Calibration (probability) – subjective probability, redirects to Calibrated probability assessment Calibration (statistics) – the statistical calibration problem Cancer cluster Candlestick chart Canonical analysis Canonical correlation Canopy clustering algorithm Cantor distribution Carpet plot Cartogram Case-control – redirects to Case-control study Case-control study Catastro of Ensenada – a census of part of Spain Categorical data Categorical distribution Categorical variable Cauchy distribution Cauchy–Schwarz inequality Causal Markov condition CDF-based nonparametric confidence interval Ceiling effect (statistics) Cellular noise Censored regression model Censoring (clinical trials) Censoring (statistics) Centering matrix Centerpoint (geometry) – Tukey median redirects here Central composite design Central limit theorem Central limit theorem (illustration) – redirects to Illustration of the central limit theorem Central limit theorem for directional statistics Lyapunov's central limit theorem Martingale central limit theorem Central moment Central tendency Census Cepstrum CHAID – CHi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector Chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity Challenge–dechallenge–rechallenge Champernowne distribution Change detection Change detection (GIS) Chapman–Kolmogorov equation Chapman–Robbins bound Characteristic function (probability theory) Chauvenet's criterion Chebyshev center Chebyshev's inequality Checking if a coin is biased – redirects to Checking whether a coin is fair Checking whether a coin is fair Cheeger bound Chemometrics Chernoff bound – a special case of Chernoff's inequality Chernoff face Chernoff's distribution Chernoff's inequality Chi distribution Chi-squared distribution Chi-squared test Chinese restaurant process Choropleth map Chou's invariance theorem Chow test Chronux software Circular analysis Circular distribution Circular error probable Circular statistics – redirects to Directional statistics Circular uniform distribution Clark–Ocone theorem Class membership probabilities Classic data sets Classical definition of probability Classical test theory – psychometrics Classification rule Classifier (mathematics) Climate ensemble Climograph Clinical significance Clinical study design Clinical trial Clinical utility of diagnostic tests Cliodynamics Closed testing procedure Cluster analysis Cluster randomised controlled trial Cluster sampling Cluster-weighted modeling Clustering high-dimensional data CMA-ES (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy) Coalescent theory Cochran's C test Cochran's Q test Cochran's theorem Cochran–Armitage test for trend Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics Cochrane–Orcutt estimation Coding (social sciences) Coefficient of coherence – redirects to Coherence (statistics) Coefficient of determination Coefficient of dispersion Coefficient of variation Cognitive pretesting Cohen's class distribution function – a time-frequency distribution function Cohen's kappa Coherence (signal processing) Coherence (statistics) Cohort (statistics) Cohort effect Cohort study Cointegration Collectively exhaustive events Collider (epidemiology) Combinatorial data analysis Combinatorial design Combinatorial meta-analysis Common-method variance Common mode failure Common cause and special cause (statistics) Comonotonicity Comparing means Comparison of general and generalized linear models Comparison of statistical packages Comparisonwise error rate Complementary event Complete-linkage clustering Complete spatial randomness Completely randomized design Completeness (statistics) Compositional data Composite bar chart Compound Poisson distribution Compound Poisson process Compound probability distribution Computational formula for the variance Computational learning theory Computational statistics Computer experiment Computer-assisted survey information collection Concomitant (statistics) Concordance correlation coefficient Concordant pair Concrete illustration of the central limit theorem Concurrent validity Conditional change model Conditional distribution – see Conditional probability distribution Conditional dependence Conditional expectation Conditional independence Conditional probability Conditional probability distribution Conditional random field Conditional variance Conditionality principle Confidence band – redirects to Confidence and prediction bands Confidence distribution Confidence interval Confidence region Configural frequency analysis Confirmation bias Confirmatory factor analysis Confounding Confounding factor Confusion of the inverse Congruence coefficient Conjoint analysis Conjoint analysis (in healthcare) Conjoint analysis (in marketing) Conjugate prior Consensus-based assessment Consensus clustering Consensus forecast Conservatism (belief revision) Consistency (statistics) Consistent estimator Constant elasticity of substitution Constant false alarm rate Constraint (information theory) Consumption distribution Contact process (mathematics) Content validity Contiguity (probability theory) Contingency table Continuity correction Continuous distribution – see Continuous probability distribution Continuous mapping theorem Continuous probability distribution Continuous stochastic process Continuous-time Markov process Continuous-time stochastic process Contrast (statistics) Control chart Control event rate Control limits Control variate Controlling for a variable Convergence of measures Convergence of random variables Convex hull Convolution of probability distributions Convolution random number generator Conway–Maxwell–Poisson distribution Cook's distance Cophenetic correlation Copula (statistics) Cornish–Fisher expansion Correct sampling Correction for attenuation Correlation Correlation and dependence Correlation does not imply causation Correlation clustering Correlation function Correlation function (astronomy) Correlation function (quantum field theory) Correlation function (statistical mechanics) Correlation implies causation Correlation inequality Correlation ratio Correlogram Correspondence analysis Cosmic variance Cost-of-living index Count data Counternull Counting process Covariance Covariance and correlation Covariance intersection Covariance matrix Covariance function Covariate Cover's theorem Coverage probability Cox process Cox's theorem Cox–Ingersoll–Ross model Cramér–Rao bound Cramér–von Mises criterion Cramér’s decomposition theorem Cramér's theorem (large deviations) Cramér's V Craps principle Credal set Credible interval Cricket statistics Crime statistics Critical region – redirects to Statistical hypothesis testing Cromwell's rule Cronbach's α Cross-correlation Cross-covariance Cross-entropy method Cross-sectional data Cross-sectional regression Cross-sectional study Cross-spectrum Cross tabulation Cross-validation (statistics) Crossover study Crystal Ball function – a probability distribution Cumulant Cumulant generating function – redirects to cumulant Cumulative accuracy profile Cumulative distribution function Cumulative frequency analysis Cumulative incidence Cunningham function CURE data clustering algorithm Curve fitting CUSUM Cuzick–Edwards test Cyclostationary process D d-separation D/M/1 queue D'Agostino's K-squared test Dagum distribution DAP – open source software Data analysis Data assimilation Data binning Data classification (business intelligence) Data cleansing Data clustering Data collection Data Desk – software Data dredging Data fusion Data generating process – disambiguation Data mining Data reduction Data point Data quality assurance Data set Data-snooping bias Data stream clustering Data transformation (statistics) Data visualization DataDetective – software Dataplot – software Davies–Bouldin index Davis distribution De Finetti's game De Finetti's theorem DeFries–Fulker regression de Moivre's law De Moivre–Laplace theorem Decision boundary Decision theory Decomposition of time series Degenerate distribution Degrees of freedom (statistics) Delaporte distribution Delphi method Delta method Demand forecasting Deming regression Demographics Demography Demographic statistics Dendrogram Density estimation Dependent and independent variables Descriptive research Descriptive statistics Design effect Design matrix Design of experiments The Design of Experiments (book by Fisher) Detailed balance Detection theory Determining the number of clusters in a data set Detrended correspondence analysis Detrended fluctuation analysis Deviance (statistics) Deviance information criterion Deviation (statistics) Deviation analysis (disambiguation) DFFITS – a regression diagnostic Diagnostic odds ratio Dickey–Fuller test Difference in differences Differential entropy Diffusion process Diffusion-limited aggregation Dimension reduction Dilution assay Direct relationship Directional statistics Dirichlet distribution Dirichlet-multinomial distribution Dirichlet process Disattenuation Discrepancy function Discrete choice Discrete choice analysis Discrete distribution – redirects to section of Probability distribution Discrete frequency domain Discrete phase-type distribution Discrete probability distribution – redirects to section of Probability distribution Discrete time Discretization of continuous features Discriminant function analysis Discriminative model Disorder problem Distance correlation Distance sampling Distributed lag Distribution fitting Divergence (statistics) Diversity index Divisia index Divisia monetary aggregates index Dixon's Q test Dominating decision rule Donsker's theorem Doob decomposition theorem Doob martingale Doob's martingale convergence theorems Doob's martingale inequality Doob–Meyer decomposition theorem Doomsday argument Dot plot (bioinformatics) Dot plot (statistics) Double counting (fallacy) Double exponential distribution (disambiguation) Double mass analysis Doubly stochastic model Drift rate – redirects to Stochastic drift Dudley's theorem Dummy variable (statistics) Duncan's new multiple range test Dunn index Dunnett's test Durbin test Durbin–Watson statistic Dutch book Dvoretzky–Kiefer–Wolfowitz inequality Dyadic distribution Dynamic Bayesian network Dynamic factor Dynamic topic model E E-statistic Earth mover's distance Eaton's inequality Ecological correlation Ecological fallacy Ecological regression Ecological study Econometrics Econometric model Econometric software – redirects to Comparison of statistical packages Economic data Economic epidemiology Economic statistics Eddy covariance Edgeworth series Effect size Efficiency (statistics) Efficient estimator Ehrenfest model Elastic map Elliptical distribution Ellsberg paradox Elston–Stewart algorithm EMG distribution Empirical Empirical Bayes method Empirical distribution function Empirical likelihood Empirical measure Empirical orthogonal functions Empirical probability Empirical process Empirical statistical laws Endogeneity (economics) End point of clinical trials Energy distance Energy statistics (disambiguation) Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences (book) Engineering statistics Engineering tolerance Engset calculation Ensemble forecasting Ensemble Kalman filter Entropy (information theory) Entropy estimation Entropy power inequality Environmental statistics Epi Info – software Epidata – software Epidemic model Epidemiological methods Epilogism Epitome (image processing) Epps effect Equating – test equating Equipossible Equiprobable Erdős–Rényi model Erlang distribution Ergodic theory Ergodicity Error bar Error correction model Error function Errors and residuals in statistics Errors-in-variables models An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances Estimating equations Estimation theory Estimation of covariance matrices Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques Estimator Etemadi's inequality Ethical problems using children in clinical trials Event (probability theory) Event study Evidence lower bound Evidence under Bayes theorem Evolutionary data mining Ewens's sampling formula EWMA chart Exact statistics Exact test Examples of Markov chains Excess risk Exchange paradox Exchangeable random variables Expander walk sampling Expectation–maximization algorithm Expectation propagation Expected utility hypothesis Expected value Expected value of sample information Experiment Experimental design diagram Experimental event rate Experimental uncertainty analysis Experimenter's bias Experimentwise error rate Explained sum of squares Explained variation Explanatory variable Exploratory data analysis Exploratory factor analysis Exponential dispersion model Exponential distribution Exponential family Exponential-logarithmic distribution Exponential power distribution – redirects to Generalized normal distribution Exponential random numbers – redirect to subsection of Exponential distribution Exponential smoothing Exponentially modified Gaussian distribution Exponentiated Weibull distribution Exposure variable Extended Kalman filter Extended negative binomial distribution Extensions of Fisher's method External validity Extrapolation domain analysis Extreme value theory Extremum estimator F F-distribution F-divergence F-statistics – population genetics F-test F-test of equality of variances F1 score Factor analysis Factor regression model Factor graph Factorial code Factorial experiment Factorial moment Factorial moment generating function Failure rate Fair coin Falconer's formula False discovery rate False nearest neighbor algorithm False negative False positive False positive rate False positive paradox Familywise error rate Fan chart (time series) Fano factor Fast Fourier transform Fast Kalman filter FastICA – fast independent component analysis Fat-tailed distribution Feasible generalized least squares Feature extraction Feller process Feller's coin-tossing constants Feller-continuous process Felsenstein's tree-pruning algorithm – statistical genetics Fides (reliability) Fiducial inference Field experiment Fieller's theorem File drawer problem Filtering problem (stochastic processes) Financial econometrics Financial models with long-tailed distributions and volatility clustering Finite-dimensional distribution First-hitting-time model First-in-man study Fishburn–Shepp inequality Fisher consistency Fisher information Fisher information metric Fisher kernel Fisher transformation Fisher's exact test Fisher's inequality Fisher's linear discriminator Fisher's method Fisher's noncentral hypergeometric distribution Fisher's z-distribution Fisher–Tippett distribution – redirects to Generalized extreme value distribution Fisher–Tippett–Gnedenko theorem Five-number summary Fixed effects estimator and Fixed effects estimation – redirect to Fixed effects model FLAME clustering Fleiss' kappa Fleming–Viot process Flood risk assessment Floor effect Focused information criterion Fokker–Planck equation Folded normal distribution Forecast bias Forecast error Forecast skill Forecasting Forest plot Fork-join queue Formation matrix Forward measure Foster's theorem Foundations of statistics Founders of statistics Fourier analysis Fowlkes–Mallows index Fraction of variance unexplained Fractional Brownian motion Fractional factorial design Fréchet distribution Fréchet mean Free statistical software Freedman's paradox Freedman–Diaconis rule Freidlin–Wentzell theorem Frequency (statistics) Frequency distribution Frequency domain Frequency probability Frequentist inference Friedman test Friendship paradox Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem Fully crossed design Function approximation Functional boxplot Functional data analysis Funnel plot Fuzzy logic Fuzzy measure theory FWL theorem – relating regression and projection G G/G/1 queue G-network G-test Galbraith plot Gallagher Index Galton–Watson process Galton's problem Gambler's fallacy Gambler's ruin Gambling and information theory Game of chance Gamma distribution Gamma test (statistics) Gamma process Gamma variate GAUSS (software) Gauss's inequality Gauss–Kuzmin distribution Gauss–Markov process Gauss–Markov theorem Gauss–Newton algorithm Gaussian function Gaussian isoperimetric inequality Gaussian measure Gaussian noise Gaussian process Gaussian process emulator Gaussian q-distribution Geary's C GEH statistic – a statistic comparing modelled and observed counts General linear model General matrix notation of a VAR(p) Generalizability theory Generalized additive model Generalized additive model for location, scale and shape Generalized beta distribution Generalized canonical correlation Generalized chi-squared distribution Generalized Dirichlet distribution Generalized entropy index Generalized estimating equation Generalized expected utility Generalized extreme value distribution Generalized gamma distribution Generalized Gaussian distribution Generalised hyperbolic distribution Generalized inverse Gaussian distribution Generalized least squares Generalized linear array model Generalized linear mixed model Generalized linear model Generalized logistic distribution Generalized method of moments Generalized multidimensional scaling Generalized multivariate log-gamma distribution Generalized normal distribution Generalized p-value Generalized Pareto distribution Generalized Procrustes analysis Generalized randomized block design Generalized Tobit Generalized Wiener process Generative model Genetic epidemiology GenStat – software Geo-imputation Geodemographic segmentation Geometric Brownian motion Geometric data analysis Geometric distribution Geometric median Geometric standard deviation Geometric stable distribution Geospatial predictive modeling Geostatistics German tank problem Gerschenkron effect Gibbs sampling Gillespie algorithm Gini coefficient Girsanov theorem Gittins index GLIM (software) – software Glivenko–Cantelli theorem GLUE (uncertainty assessment) Goldfeld–Quandt test Gompertz distribution Gompertz function Gompertz–Makeham law of mortality Good–Turing frequency estimation Goodhart's law Goodman and Kruskal's gamma Goodman and Kruskal's lambda Goodness of fit Gordon–Newell network Gordon–Newell theorem Graeco-Latin square Grand mean Granger causality Graph cuts in computer vision – a potential application of Bayesian analysis Graphical model Graphical models for protein structure GraphPad InStat – software GraphPad Prism – software Gravity model of trade Greenwood statistic Gretl Group family Group method of data handling Group size measures Grouped data Grubbs's test for outliers Guess value Guesstimate Gumbel distribution Guttman scale Gy's sampling theory H h-index Hájek–Le Cam convolution theorem Half circle distribution Half-logistic distribution Half-normal distribution Halton sequence Hamburger moment problem Hannan–Quinn information criterion Harris chain Hardy–Weinberg principle – statistical genetics Hartley's test Hat matrix Hammersley–Clifford theorem Hausdorff moment problem Hausman specification test – redirects to Hausman test Haybittle–Peto boundary Hazard function – redirects to Failure rate Hazard ratio Heaps' law Health care analytics Heart rate variability Heavy-tailed distribution Heckman correction Hedonic regression Hellin's law Hellinger distance Helmert–Wolf blocking Herdan's law Herfindahl index Heston model Heteroscedasticity Heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors Heteroskedasticity – see Heteroscedasticity Hidden Markov model Hidden Markov random field Hidden semi-Markov model Hierarchical Bayes model Hierarchical clustering Hierarchical hidden Markov model Hierarchical linear modeling High-dimensional statistics Higher-order factor analysis Higher-order statistics Hirschman uncertainty Histogram Historiometry History of randomness History of statistics Hitting time Hodges' estimator Hodges–Lehmann estimator Hoeffding's independence test Hoeffding's lemma Hoeffding's inequality Holm–Bonferroni method Holtsmark distribution Homogeneity (statistics) Homogenization (climate) Homoscedasticity Hoover index (a.k.a. Robin Hood index) Horvitz–Thompson estimator Hosmer–Lemeshow test Hotelling's T-squared distribution How to Lie with Statistics (book) Howland will forgery trial Hubbert curve Huber–White standard error – see Heteroscedasticity-consistent standard errors Huber loss function Human subject research Hurst exponent Hyper-exponential distribution Hyper-Graeco-Latin square design Hyperbolic distribution Hyperbolic secant distribution Hypergeometric distribution Hyperparameter Hyperprior Hypoexponential distribution I Idealised population Idempotent matrix Identifiability Ignorability Illustration of the central limit theorem Image denoising Importance sampling Imprecise probability Impulse response Imputation (statistics) Incidence (epidemiology) Increasing process Indecomposable distribution Independence of irrelevant alternatives Independent component analysis Independent and identically distributed random variables Index (economics) Index number Index of coincidence Index of dispersion Indicators of spatial association Indirect least squares Inductive inference An inequality on location and scale parameters – see Chebyshev's inequality Inference Inferential statistics – redirects to Statistical inference Infinite divisibility (probability) Infinite monkey theorem Influence diagram Info-gap decision theory Information bottleneck method Information geometry Information gain ratio Information ratio – finance Information source (mathematics) Information theory Inherent bias Inherent zero Injury prevention – application Innovation (signal processing) Innovations vector Institutional review board Instrumental variable Intention to treat analysis Interaction (statistics) Interaction variable – see Interaction (statistics) Interclass correlation Interdecile range Interim analysis Internal consistency Internal validity Interquartile mean Interquartile range Inter-rater reliability Interval estimation Intervening variable Intra-rater reliability Intraclass correlation Invariant estimator Invariant extended Kalman filter Inverse distance weighting Inverse distribution Inverse Gaussian distribution Inverse matrix gamma distribution Inverse Mills ratio Inverse probability Inverse probability weighting Inverse relationship Inverse-chi-squared distribution Inverse-gamma distribution Inverse transform sampling Inverse-variance weighting Inverse-Wishart distribution Iris flower data set Irwin–Hall distribution Isomap Isotonic regression Isserlis' theorem Item response theory Item-total correlation Item tree analysis Iterative proportional fitting Iteratively reweighted least squares Itō calculus Itō isometry Itō's lemma J Jaccard index Jackknife (statistics) – redirects to Resampling (statistics) Jackson network Jackson's theorem (queueing theory) Jadad scale James–Stein estimator Jarque–Bera test Jeffreys prior Jensen's inequality Jensen–Shannon divergence JMulTi – software Johansen test Johnson SU distribution Joint probability distribution Jonckheere's trend test JMP (statistical software) Jump process Jump-diffusion model Junction tree algorithm K K-distribution K-means algorithm – redirects to k-means clustering K-means++ K-medians clustering K-medoids K-statistic Kalman filter Kaplan–Meier estimator Kappa coefficient Kappa statistic Karhunen–Loève theorem Kendall tau distance Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient Kendall's notation Kendall's W – Kendall's coefficient of concordance Kent distribution Kernel density estimation Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis Kernel methods Kernel principal component analysis Kernel regression Kernel smoother Kernel (statistics) Khmaladze transformation (probability theory) Killed process Khintchine inequality Kingman's formula Kirkwood approximation Kish grid Kitchen sink regression Klecka's tau Knightian uncertainty Kolmogorov backward equation Kolmogorov continuity theorem Kolmogorov extension theorem Kolmogorov's criterion Kolmogorov's generalized criterion Kolmogorov's inequality Kolmogorov's zero–one law Kolmogorov–Smirnov test KPSS test Kriging Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance Kuder–Richardson Formula 20 Kuiper's test Kullback's inequality Kullback–Leibler divergence Kumaraswamy distribution Kurtosis Kushner equation L L-estimator L-moment Labour Force Survey Lack-of-fit sum of squares Lady tasting tea Lag operator Lag windowing Lambda distribution – disambiguation Landau distribution Lander–Green algorithm Language model Laplace distribution Laplace principle (large deviations theory) LaplacesDemon – software Large deviations theory Large deviations of Gaussian random functions LARS – see least-angle regression Latent variable, latent variable model Latent class model Latent Dirichlet allocation Latent growth modeling Latent semantic analysis Latin rectangle Latin square Latin hypercube sampling Law (stochastic processes) Law of averages Law of comparative judgment Law of large numbers Law of the iterated logarithm Law of the unconscious statistician Law of total covariance Law of total cumulance Law of total expectation Law of total probability Law of total variance Law of truly large numbers Layered hidden Markov model Le Cam's theorem Lead time bias Least absolute deviations Least-angle regression Least squares Least-squares spectral analysis Least squares support vector machine Least trimmed squares Learning theory (statistics) Leftover hash-lemma Lehmann–Scheffé theorem Length time bias Levene's test Level of analysis Level of measurement Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm Leverage (statistics) Levey–Jennings chart – redirects to Laboratory quality control Lévy's convergence theorem Lévy's continuity theorem Lévy arcsine law Lévy distribution Lévy flight Lévy process Lewontin's Fallacy Lexis diagram Lexis ratio Lies, damned lies, and statistics Life expectancy Life table Lift (data mining) Likelihood function Likelihood principle Likelihood-ratio test Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing Likert scale Lilliefors test Limited dependent variable Limiting density of discrete points Lincoln index Lindeberg's condition Lindley equation Lindley's paradox Line chart Line-intercept sampling Linear classifier Linear discriminant analysis Linear least squares (disambiguation) Linear least squares (mathematics) Linear model Linear prediction Linear probability model Linear regression Linguistic demography Linnik distribution – redirects to Geometric stable distribution LISREL – proprietary statistical software package List of basic statistics topics – redirects to Outline of statistics List of convolutions of probability distributions List of graphical methods List of information graphics software List of probability topics List of random number generators List of scientific journals in statistics List of statistical packages List of statisticians Listwise deletion Little's law Littlewood's law Ljung–Box test Local convex hull Local independence Local martingale Local regression Location estimation – redirects to Location parameter Location estimation in sensor networks Location parameter Location test Location-scale family Local asymptotic normality Locality (statistics) Loess curve – redirects to Local regression Log-Cauchy distribution Log-Laplace distribution Log-normal distribution Log-linear analysis Log-linear model Log-linear modeling – redirects to Poisson regression Log-log plot Log-logistic distribution Logarithmic distribution Logarithmic mean Logistic distribution Logistic function Logistic regression Logit Logit analysis in marketing Logit-normal distribution Log-normal distribution Logrank test Lomax distribution Long-range dependency Long Tail Long-tail traffic Longitudinal study Longstaff–Schwartz model Lorenz curve Loss function Lot quality assurance sampling Lotka's law Low birth weight paradox Lucia de Berk – prob/stats related court case Lukacs's proportion-sum independence theorem Łukaszyk–Karmowski metric Lumpability Lusser's law Lyapunov's central limit theorem M M/D/1 queue M/G/1 queue M/M/1 queue M/M/c queue M-estimator Redescending M-estimator M-separation Mabinogion sheep problem Machine learning Mahalanobis distance Main effect Mallows's Cp MANCOVA Manhattan plot Mann–Whitney U MANOVA Mantel test MAP estimator – redirects to Maximum a posteriori estimation Marchenko–Pastur distribution Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund inequality Marcum Q-function Margin of error Marginal conditional stochastic dominance Marginal distribution Marginal likelihood Marginal model Marginal variable – redirects to Marginal distribution Mark and recapture Markov additive process Markov blanket Markov chain Markov chain geostatistics Markov chain mixing time Markov chain Monte Carlo Markov decision process Markov information source Markov kernel Markov logic network Markov model Markov network Markov process Markov property Markov random field Markov renewal process Markov's inequality Markovian arrival processes Marsaglia polar method Martingale (probability theory) Martingale difference sequence Martingale representation theorem Master equation Matched filter Matching pursuit Matching (statistics) Matérn covariance function Mathematica – software Mathematical biology Mathematical modelling in epidemiology Mathematical modelling of infectious disease Mathematical statistics Matthews correlation coefficient Matrix gamma distribution Matrix normal distribution Matrix population models Matrix t-distribution Mauchly's sphericity test Maximal ergodic theorem Maximal information coefficient Maximum a posteriori estimation Maximum entropy classifier – redirects to Logistic regression Maximum-entropy Markov model Maximum entropy method – redirects to Principle of maximum entropy Maximum entropy probability distribution Maximum entropy spectral estimation Maximum likelihood Maximum likelihood sequence estimation Maximum parsimony Maximum spacing estimation Maxwell speed distribution Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution Maxwell's theorem Mazziotta–Pareto index MCAR (missing completely at random) McCullagh's parametrization of the Cauchy distributions McDiarmid's inequality McDonald–Kreitman test – statistical genetics McKay's approximation for the coefficient of variation McNemar's test Meadow's law Mean Mean – see also expected value Mean absolute error Mean absolute percentage error Mean absolute scaled error Mean and predicted response Mean deviation (disambiguation) Mean difference Mean integrated squared error Mean of circular quantities Mean percentage error Mean preserving spread Mean reciprocal rank Mean signed difference Mean square quantization error Mean square weighted deviation Mean squared error Mean squared prediction error Mean time between failures Mean-reverting process – redirects to Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process Mean value analysis Measurement, level of – see level of measurement. Measurement invariance MedCalc – software Median Median absolute deviation Median polish Median test Mediation (statistics) Medical statistics Medoid Memorylessness Mendelian randomization Meta-analysis Meta-regression Method of moments (statistics) Method of simulated moments Method of support Metropolis–Hastings algorithm Mexican paradox Microdata (statistics) Midhinge Mid-range MinHash Minimax Minimax estimator Minimisation (clinical trials) Minimum chi-square estimation Minimum distance estimation Minimum mean square error Minimum-variance unbiased estimator Minimum viable population Minitab MINQUE – minimum norm quadratic unbiased estimation Misleading graph Missing completely at random Missing data Missing values – see Missing data Mittag–Leffler distribution Mixed logit Misuse of statistics Mixed data sampling Mixed-design analysis of variance Mixed model Mixing (mathematics) Mixture distribution Mixture model Mixture (probability) MLwiN Mode (statistics) Model output statistics Model selection Model specification Moderator variable – redirects to Moderation (statistics) Modifiable areal unit problem Moffat distribution Moment (mathematics) Moment-generating function Moments, method of – see method of moments (statistics) Moment problem Monotone likelihood ratio Monte Carlo integration Monte Carlo method Monte Carlo method for photon transport Monte Carlo methods for option pricing Monte Carlo methods in finance Monte Carlo molecular modeling Moral graph Moran process Moran's I Morisita's overlap index Morris method Mortality rate Most probable number Moving average Moving-average model Moving average representation – redirects to Wold's theorem Moving least squares Multi-armed bandit Multi-vari chart Multiclass classification Multiclass LDA (linear discriminant analysis) – redirects to Linear discriminant analysis Multicollinearity Multidimensional analysis Multidimensional Chebyshev's inequality Multidimensional panel data Multidimensional scaling Multifactor design of experiments software Multifactor dimensionality reduction Multilevel model Multilinear principal component analysis Multinomial distribution Multinomial logistic regression Multinomial logit – see Multinomial logistic regression Multinomial probit Multinomial test Multiple baseline design Multiple comparisons Multiple correlation Multiple correspondence analysis Multiple discriminant analysis Multiple-indicator kriging Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey Multiple of the median Multiple testing correction – redirects to Multiple comparisons Multiple-try Metropolis Multiresolution analysis Multiscale decision making Multiscale geometric analysis Multistage testing Multitaper Multitrait-multimethod matrix Multivariate adaptive regression splines Multivariate analysis Multivariate analysis of variance Multivariate distribution – see Joint probability distribution Multivariate kernel density estimation Multivariate normal distribution Multivariate Pareto distribution Multivariate Pólya distribution Multivariate probit – redirects to Multivariate probit model Multivariate random variable Multivariate stable distribution Multivariate statistics Multivariate Student distribution – redirects to Multivariate t-distribution Multivariate t-distribution N n = 1 fallacy N of 1 trial Naive Bayes classifier Nakagami distribution National and international statistical services Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient National Health Interview Survey Natural experiment Natural exponential family Natural process variation NCSS (statistical software) Nearest-neighbor chain algorithm Negative binomial distribution Negative multinomial distribution Negative predictive value Negative relationship Negentropy Neighbourhood components analysis Neighbor joining Nelson rules Nelson–Aalen estimator Nemenyi test Nested case-control study Nested sampling algorithm Network probability matrix Neural network Neutral vector Newcastle–Ottawa scale Newey–West estimator Newman–Keuls method Neyer d-optimal test Neyman construction Neyman–Pearson lemma Nicholson–Bailey model Nominal category Noncentral beta distribution Noncentral chi distribution Noncentral chi-squared distribution Noncentral F-distribution Noncentral hypergeometric distributions Noncentral t-distribution Noncentrality parameter Nonlinear autoregressive exogenous model Nonlinear dimensionality reduction Non-linear iterative partial least squares Nonlinear regression Non-homogeneous Poisson process Non-linear least squares Non-negative matrix factorization Nonparametric skew Non-parametric statistics Non-response bias Non-sampling error Nonparametric regression Nonprobability sampling Normal curve equivalent Normal distribution Normal probability plot – see also rankit Normal score – see also rankit and Z score Normal variance-mean mixture Normal-exponential-gamma distribution Normal-gamma distribution Normal-inverse Gaussian distribution Normal-scaled inverse gamma distribution Normality test Normalization (statistics) Normally distributed and uncorrelated does not imply independent Notation in probability and statistics Novikov's condition np-chart Null distribution Null hypothesis Null result Nuisance parameter Nuisance variable Numerical data Numerical methods for linear least squares Numerical parameter – redirects to statistical parameter Numerical smoothing and differentiation NumXL – software (Excel addin) Nuremberg Code O Observable variable Observational equivalence Observational error Observational study Observed information Occupancy frequency distribution Odds Odds algorithm Odds ratio Official statistics Ogden tables Ogive (statistics) Omitted-variable bias Omnibus test One- and two-tailed tests One-class classification One-factor-at-a-time method One-tailed test – redirects to One- and two-tailed tests One-way analysis of variance Online NMF Online Non-negative Matrix Factorisation Open-label trial OpenEpi – software OpenBUGS – software Operational confound Operational sex ratio Operations research Opinion poll Optimal decision Optimal design Optimal discriminant analysis Optimal matching Optimal stopping Optimality criterion Optimistic knowledge gradient Optional stopping theorem Order of a kernel Order of integration Order statistic Ordered logit Ordered probit Ordered subset expectation maximization Ordinal regression Ordinary least squares Ordination (statistics) Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process Orthogonal array testing Orthogonality Orthogonality principle Outlier Outliers in statistics – redirects to Robust statistics (section) Outliers ratio Outline of probability Outline of regression analysis Outline of statistics Overdispersion Overfitting Owen's T function OxMetrics – software P p-chart p-rep P-value P–P plot Page's trend test Paid survey Paired comparison analysis Paired difference test Pairwise comparison Pairwise independence Panel analysis Panel data Panjer recursion – a class of discrete compound distributions Paley–Zygmund inequality Parabolic fractal distribution PARAFAC (parallel factor analysis) Parallel coordinates – graphical display of data Parallel factor analysis – redirects to PARAFAC Paradigm (experimental) Parameter identification problem Parameter space Parametric family Parametric model Parametric statistics Pareto analysis Pareto chart Pareto distribution Pareto index Pareto interpolation Pareto principle Park test Partial autocorrelation – redirects to Partial autocorrelation function Partial autocorrelation function Partial correlation Partial least squares Partial least squares regression Partial leverage Partial regression plot Partial residual plot Particle filter Partition of sums of squares Parzen window Path analysis (statistics) Path coefficient Path space (disambiguation) Pattern recognition Pearson's chi-squared test (one of various chi-squared tests) Pearson distribution Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient Pedometric mapping People v. Collins (prob/stats related court case) Per capita Per-comparison error rate Per-protocol analysis Percentile Percentile rank Periodic variation – redirects to Seasonality Periodogram Peirce's criterion Pensim2 – an econometric model Percentage point Permutation test – redirects to Resampling (statistics) Pharmaceutical statistics Phase dispersion minimization Phase-type distribution Phi coefficient Phillips–Perron test Philosophy of probability Philosophy of statistics Pickands–Balkema–de Haan theorem Pie chart Piecewise-deterministic Markov process Pignistic probability Pinsker's inequality Pitman closeness criterion Pitman–Koopman–Darmois theorem Pitman–Yor process Pivotal quantity Placebo-controlled study Plackett–Burman design Plate notation Player wins Plot (graphics) Pocock boundary Poincaré plot Point-biserial correlation coefficient Point estimation Point pattern analysis Point process Poisson binomial distribution Poisson distribution Poisson hidden Markov model Poisson limit theorem Poisson process Poisson regression Poisson random numbers – redirects to section of Poisson distribution Poisson sampling Polar distribution – see Circular distribution Policy capturing Political forecasting Pollaczek–Khinchine formula Pollyanna Creep Polykay Poly-Weibull distribution Polychoric correlation Polynomial and rational function modeling Polynomial chaos Polynomial regression Polytree (Bayesian networks) Pooled standard deviation – redirects to Pooled variance Pooling design Popoviciu's inequality on variances Population Population dynamics Population ecology – application Population modeling Population process Population pyramid Population statistics Population variance Population viability analysis Portmanteau test Positive predictive value Post-hoc analysis Posterior predictive distribution Posterior probability Power law Power transform Prais–Winsten estimation Pre- and post-test probability Precision (statistics) Precision and recall Prediction interval Predictive analytics Predictive inference Predictive informatics Predictive intake modelling Predictive modelling Predictive validity Preference regression (in marketing) Preferential attachment process – see Preferential attachment PRESS statistic Prevalence Principal component analysis Multilinear principal-component analysis Principal component regression Principal geodesic analysis Principal stratification Principle of indifference Principle of marginality Principle of maximum entropy Prior knowledge for pattern recognition Prior probability Prior probability distribution – redirects to Prior probability Probabilistic causation Probabilistic design Probabilistic forecasting Probabilistic latent semantic analysis Probabilistic metric space Probabilistic proposition Probabilistic relational model Probability Probability and statistics Probability bounds analysis Probability box Probability density function Probability distribution Probability distribution function (disambiguation) Probability integral transform Probability interpretations Probability mass function Probability matching Probability metric Probability of error Probability of precipitation Probability plot Probability plot correlation coefficient – redirects to Q–Q plot Probability plot correlation coefficient plot Probability space Probability theory Probability-generating function Probable error Probit Probit model Procedural confound Process control Process Window Index Procrustes analysis Proebsting's paradox Product distribution Product form solution Profile likelihood – redirects to Likelihood function Progressively measurable process Prognostics Projection pursuit Projection pursuit regression Proof of Stein's example Propagation of uncertainty Propensity probability Propensity score Propensity score matching Proper linear model Proportional hazards models Proportional reduction in loss Prosecutor's fallacy Proxy (statistics) Psephology Pseudo-determinant Pseudo-random number sampling Pseudocount Pseudolikelihood Pseudomedian Pseudoreplication PSPP (free software) Psychological statistics Psychometrics Pythagorean expectation Q Q test Q-exponential distribution Q-function Q-Gaussian distribution Q–Q plot Q-statistic Quadrat Quadrant count ratio Quadratic classifier Quadratic form (statistics) Quadratic variation Qualitative comparative analysis Qualitative data Qualitative variation Quality control Quantile Quantile function Quantile normalization Quantile regression Quantitative marketing research Quantitative psychological research Quantitative research Quantum (Statistical programming language) Quartile Quartile coefficient of dispersion Quasi-birth–death process Quasi-experiment Quasi-experimental design – see Design of quasi-experiments Quasi-likelihood Quasi-maximum likelihood Quasireversibility Quasi-variance Questionnaire Queueing model Queueing theory Queuing delay Queuing theory in teletraffic engineering Quota sampling R R programming language – see R (programming language) R v Adams (prob/stats related court case) Radar chart Rademacher distribution Radial basis function network Raikov's theorem Raised cosine distribution Ramaswami's formula Ramsey RESET test – the Ramsey Regression Equation Specification Error Test Rand index Random assignment Random compact set Random data – see randomness Random effects estimation – see Random effects model Random effects model Random element Random field Random function Random graph Random matrix Random measure Random multinomial logit Random naive Bayes Random permutation statistics Random regular graph Random sample Random sampling Random sequence Random variable Random variate Random walk Random walk hypothesis Randomization Randomized block design Randomized controlled trial Randomized decision rule Randomized experiment Randomized response Randomness Randomness tests Range (statistics) Rank abundance curve Rank correlation mainly links to two following Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient Rank product Rank-size distribution Ranking Rankit Ranklet RANSAC Rao–Blackwell theorem Rao-Blackwellisation – see Rao–Blackwell theorem Rasch model Polytomous Rasch model Rasch model estimation Ratio distribution Ratio estimator Rational quadratic covariance function Rayleigh distribution Rayleigh mixture distribution Raw score Realization (probability) Recall bias Receiver operating characteristic Reciprocal distribution Rectified Gaussian distribution Recurrence period density entropy Recurrence plot Recurrence quantification analysis Recursive Bayesian estimation Recursive least squares Recursive partitioning Reduced form Reference class problem Reflected Brownian motion Regenerative process Regression analysis – see also linear regression Regression Analysis of Time Series – proprietary software Regression control chart Regression diagnostic Regression dilution Regression discontinuity design Regression estimation Regression fallacy Regression-kriging Regression model validation Regression toward the mean Regret (decision theory) Reification (statistics) Rejection sampling Relationships among probability distributions Relative change and difference Relative efficiency – redirects to Efficiency (statistics) Relative index of inequality Relative likelihood – redirects to section of Likelihood function Relative risk Relative risk reduction Relative standard deviation Relative standard error – redirects to Relative standard deviation Relative variance – redirects to Relative standard deviation Relative survival Relativistic Breit–Wigner distribution Relevance vector machine Reliability (statistics) Reliability block diagram Reliability engineering Reliability theory Reliability theory of aging and longevity Rencontres numbers – a discrete distribution Renewal theory Repeatability Repeated measures design Replication (statistics) Representation validity Reproducibility Resampling (statistics) Rescaled range Resentful demoralization – experimental design Residual. See errors and residuals in statistics. Residual sum of squares Response bias Response rate (survey) Response surface methodology Response variable Restricted maximum likelihood Restricted randomization Reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo Reversible dynamics Rind et al. controversy – interpretations of paper involving meta-analysis Rice distribution Richardson–Lucy deconvolution Ridge regression – redirects to Tikhonov regularization Ridit scoring Risk adjusted mortality rate Risk factor Risk function Risk perception Risk theory Risk–benefit analysis Robbins lemma Robust Bayesian analysis Robust confidence intervals Robust measures of scale Robust regression Robust statistics Root mean square Root-mean-square deviation Root mean square deviation (bioinformatics) Root mean square fluctuation Ross's conjecture Rossmo's formula Rothamsted Experimental Station Round robin test Rubin causal model Ruin theory Rule of succession Rule of three (medicine) Run chart RV coefficient S S (programming language) S-PLUS Safety in numbers Sally Clark (prob/stats related court case) Sammon projection Sample mean and covariance – redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance Sample mean and sample covariance Sample maximum and minimum Sample size determination Sample space Sample standard deviation – disambiguation Sample (statistics) Sample-continuous process Sampling (statistics) Simple random sampling Snowball sampling Systematic sampling Stratified sampling Cluster sampling distance sampling Multistage sampling Nonprobability sampling Slice sampling Sampling bias Sampling design Sampling distribution Sampling error Sampling fraction Sampling frame Sampling probability Sampling risk Samuelson's inequality Sargan test SAS (software) SAS language SAS System – see SAS (software) Savitzky–Golay smoothing filter Sazonov's theorem Saturated array Scale analysis (statistics) Scale parameter Scaled-inverse-chi-squared distribution Scaling pattern of occupancy Scatter matrix Scatter plot Scatterplot smoothing Scheffé's method Scheirer–Ray–Hare test Schilder's theorem Schramm–Loewner evolution Schuette–Nesbitt formula Schwarz criterion Score (statistics) Score test Scoring algorithm Scoring rule SCORUS Scott's Pi SDMX – a standard for exchanging statistical data Seasonal adjustment Seasonality Seasonal subseries plot Seasonal variation Seasonally adjusted annual rate Second moment method Secretary problem Secular variation Seed-based d mapping Seemingly unrelated regressions Seismic to simulation Selection bias Selective recruitment Self-organizing map Self-selection bias Self-similar process Segmented regression Seismic inversion Self-similarity matrix Semantic mapping (statistics) Semantic relatedness Semantic similarity Semi-Markov process Semi-log graph Semidefinite embedding Semimartingale Semiparametric model Semiparametric regression Semivariance Sensitivity (tests) Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity and specificity Sensitivity index Separation test Sequential analysis Sequential estimation Sequential Monte Carlo methods – redirects to Particle filter Sequential probability ratio test Serial dependence Seriation (archaeology) SETAR (model) – a time series model Sethi model Seven-number summary Sexual dimorphism measures Shannon–Hartley theorem Shape of the distribution Shape parameter Shapiro–Wilk test Sharpe ratio SHAZAM (software) Shewhart individuals control chart Shifted Gompertz distribution Shifted log-logistic distribution Shifting baseline Shrinkage (statistics) Shrinkage estimator Sichel distribution Siegel–Tukey test Sieve estimator Sigma-algebra SigmaStat – software Sign test Signal-to-noise ratio Signal-to-noise statistic Significance analysis of microarrays Silhouette (clustering) Simfit – software Similarity matrix Simon model Simple linear regression Simple moving average crossover Simple random sample Simpson's paradox Simulated annealing Simultaneous equation methods (econometrics) Simultaneous equations model Single equation methods (econometrics) Single-linkage clustering Singular distribution Singular spectrum analysis Sinusoidal model Sinkov statistic Size (statistics) Skellam distribution Skew normal distribution Skewness Skorokhod's representation theorem Slash distribution Slice sampling Sliced inverse regression Slutsky's theorem Small area estimation Smearing retransformation Smoothing Smoothing spline Smoothness (probability theory) Snowball sampling Sobel test Social network change detection Social statistics SOFA Statistics – software Soliton distribution – redirects to Luby transform code Somers' D Sørensen similarity index Spaghetti plot Sparse binary polynomial hashing Sparse PCA – sparse principal components analysis Sparsity-of-effects principle Spatial analysis Spatial dependence Spatial descriptive statistics Spatial distribution Spatial econometrics Spatial statistics – redirects to Spatial analysis Spatial variability SPC XL – software Spearman's rank correlation coefficient Spearman–Brown prediction formula Species discovery curve Specification (regression) – redirects to Statistical model specification Specificity (tests) Spectral clustering – (cluster analysis) Spectral density Spectral density estimation Spectrum bias Spectrum continuation analysis Speed prior Spherical design Split normal distribution SPRT – redirects to Sequential probability ratio test SPSS – software SPSS Clementine – software (data mining) Spurious relationship Square root biased sampling Squared deviations St. Petersburg paradox Stability (probability) Stable distribution Stable and tempered stable distributions with volatility clustering – financial applications Standard deviation Standard error Standard normal deviate Standard normal table Standard probability space Standard score Standardized coefficient Standardized moment Standardised mortality rate Standardized mortality ratio Standardized rate Stanine STAR model – a time series model Star plot – redirects to Radar chart Stata State space representation Statgraphics – software Static analysis Stationary distribution Stationary ergodic process Stationary process Stationary sequence Stationary subspace analysis Statistic STATISTICA – software Statistical arbitrage Statistical assembly Statistical assumption Statistical benchmarking Statistical classification Statistical conclusion validity Statistical consultant Statistical deviance – see deviance (statistics) Statistical dispersion Statistical distance Statistical efficiency Statistical epidemiology Statistical estimation – redirects to Estimation theory Statistical finance Statistical genetics – redirects to population genetics Statistical geography Statistical graphics Statistical hypothesis testing Statistical independence Statistical inference Statistical interference Statistical Lab – software Statistical learning theory Statistical literacy Statistical model Statistical model specification Statistical model validation Statistical noise Statistical package Statistical parameter Statistical parametric mapping Statistical parsing Statistical population Statistical power Statistical probability Statistical process control Statistical proof Statistical randomness Statistical range – see range (statistics) Statistical regularity Statistical relational learning Statistical sample Statistical semantics Statistical shape analysis Statistical signal processing Statistical significance Statistical survey Statistical syllogism Statistical theory Statistical unit Statisticians' and engineers' cross-reference of statistical terms Statistics Statistics education Statistics Online Computational Resource – training materials StatPlus StatXact – software Stein's example Proof of Stein's example Stein's lemma Stein's unbiased risk estimate Steiner system Stemplot – see Stem-and-leaf display Step detection Stepwise regression Stieltjes moment problem Stimulus-response model Stochastic Stochastic approximation Stochastic calculus Stochastic convergence Stochastic differential equation Stochastic dominance Stochastic drift Stochastic equicontinuity Stochastic gradient descent Stochastic grammar Stochastic investment model Stochastic kernel estimation Stochastic matrix Stochastic modelling (insurance) Stochastic optimization Stochastic ordering Stochastic process Stochastic rounding Stochastic simulation Stopped process Stopping time Stratified sampling Stratonovich integral Streamgraph Stress majorization Strong Law of Small Numbers Strong prior Structural break Structural equation modeling Structural estimation Structured data analysis (statistics) Studentized range Studentized residual Student's t-distribution Student's t-statistic Student's t-test Student's t-test for Gaussian scale mixture distributions – see Location testing for Gaussian scale mixture distributions Studentization Study design Study heterogeneity Subcontrary mean – redirects to Harmonic mean Subgroup analysis Subindependence Substitution model SUDAAN – software Sufficiency (statistics) – see Sufficient statistic Sufficient dimension reduction Sufficient statistic Sum of normally distributed random variables Sum of squares (disambiguation) – general disambiguation Sum of squares (statistics) – see Partition of sums of squares Summary statistic Support curve Support vector machine Surrogate model Survey data collection Survey sampling Survey methodology Survival analysis Survival rate Survival function Survivorship bias Symmetric design Symmetric mean absolute percentage error SYSTAT – software System dynamics System identification Systematic error (also see bias (statistics) and errors and residuals in statistics) Systematic review T t-distribution – see Student's t-distribution (includes table) T distribution (disambiguation) t-statistic Tag cloud – graphical display of info Taguchi loss function Taguchi methods Tajima's D Taleb distribution Tampering (quality control) Taylor expansions for the moments of functions of random variables Taylor's law – empirical variance-mean relations Telegraph process Test for structural change Test–retest reliability Test score Test set Test statistic Testimator Testing hypotheses suggested by the data Text analytics The Long Tail – possibly seminal magazine article The Unscrambler – software Theil index Theil–Sen estimator Theory of conjoint measurement Therapeutic effect Thompson sampling Three-point estimation Three-stage least squares Threshold model Thurstone scale Thurstonian model Time–frequency analysis Time–frequency representation Time reversibility Time series Time-series regression Time use survey Time-varying covariate Timeline of probability and statistics TinkerPlots – proprietary software for schools Tobit model Tolerance interval Top-coded Topic model (statistical natural language processing) Topological data analysis Tornqvist index Total correlation Total least squares Total sum of squares Total survey error Total variation distance – a statistical distance measure TPL Tables – software Tracy–Widom distribution Traffic equations Training set Transect Transferable belief model Transiogram Transition rate matrix Transmission risks and rates Treatment and control groups Trend analysis Trend estimation Trend stationary Treynor ratio Triangular distribution Trimean Trimmed estimator Trispectrum True experiment True variance Truncated distribution Truncated mean Truncated normal distribution Truncated regression model Truncation (statistics) Tsallis distribution Tsallis statistics Tschuprow's T Tucker decomposition Tukey's range test – multiple comparisons Tukey's test of additivity – interaction in two-way anova Tukey–Duckworth test Tukey–Kramer method Tukey lambda distribution Tweedie distribution Twisting properties Two stage least squares – redirects to Instrumental variable Two-tailed test Two-way analysis of variance Type I and type II errors Type-1 Gumbel distribution Type-2 Gumbel distribution Tyranny of averages U u-chart U-quadratic distribution U-statistic U test Umbrella sampling Unbiased estimator – see bias (statistics) Unbiased estimation of standard deviation Uncertainty Uncertainty coefficient Uncertainty quantification Uncomfortable science Uncorrelated Underdispersion – redirects to Overdispersion Underfitting – redirects to Overfitting Underprivileged area score Unevenly spaced time series Unexplained variation – see Explained variation Uniform distribution (continuous) Uniform distribution (discrete) Uniformly most powerful test Unimodal distribution – redirects to Unimodal function (has some stats context) Unimodality Unistat – software Unit (statistics) Unit of observation Unit root Unit root test Unit-weighted regression Unitized risk Univariate Univariate analysis Univariate distribution Unmatched count Unseen species problem Unsolved problems in statistics Upper and lower probabilities Upside potential ratio – finance Urn problem Ursell function Utility maximization problem Utilization distribution V Validity (statistics) Van der Waerden test Van Houtum distribution Vapnik–Chervonenkis theory Varadhan's lemma Variable Variable kernel density estimation Variable-order Bayesian network Variable-order Markov model Variable rules analysis Variance Variance decomposition of forecast errors Variance gamma process Variance inflation factor Variance-gamma distribution Variance reduction Variance-stabilizing transformation Variance-to-mean ratio Variation ratio Variational Bayesian methods Variational message passing Variogram Varimax rotation Vasicek model VC dimension VC theory Vector autoregression VEGAS algorithm Violin plot ViSta – Software, see ViSta, The Visual Statistics system Voigt profile Volatility (finance) Volcano plot (statistics) Von Mises distribution Von Mises–Fisher distribution V-optimal histograms V-statistic Vuong's closeness test Vysochanskiï–Petunin inequality W Wait list control group Wald distribution – redirects to Inverse Gaussian distribution Wald test Wald–Wolfowitz runs test Wallenius' noncentral hypergeometric distribution Wang and Landau algorithm Ward's method Watterson estimator Watts and Strogatz model Weibull chart – redirects to Weibull distribution Weibull distribution Weibull modulus Weight function Weighted median Weighted covariance matrix – redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance Weighted mean Weighted sample – redirects to Sample mean and sample covariance Welch's method – spectral density estimation Welch's t test Welch–Satterthwaite equation Well-behaved statistic Wick product Wilks' lambda distribution Wilks' theorem – redirects to section of Likelihood-ratio test Winsorized mean Whipple's index White test White noise Wide and narrow data Wiener deconvolution Wiener filter Wiener process Wigner quasi-probability distribution Wigner semicircle distribution Wike's law of low odd primes Wilcoxon signed-rank test Will Rogers phenomenon WinBUGS – software Window function Winpepi – software Winsorising Wishart distribution Wold's theorem Wombling Working–Hotelling procedure World Programming System – software Wrapped Cauchy distribution Wrapped distribution Wrapped exponential distribution Wrapped normal distribution Wrapped Lévy distribution Writer invariant X X-12-ARIMA {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} {\bar {x}} chart {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} {\bar {x}} and R chart {\displaystyle {\bar {x}}} {\bar {x}} and s chart XLispStat – software XploRe – software Y Yamartino method Yates analysis Yates's correction for continuity Youden's J statistic Yule–Simon distribution Z z-score z-factor z statistic Z-test Z-transform Zakai equation Zelen's design Zero degrees of freedom Zero–one law (disambiguation) Zeta distribution Ziggurat algorithm Zipf–Mandelbrot law – a discrete distribution Zipf's law