numeral-prefixes

Numeral prefix

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:English_arities_and_adicities

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_prefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_prefix https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metric_prefix#double https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demi_(disambiguation) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:IEC_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:SI_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Mathematical_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Function_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Metric_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Metric_double_prefixes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deca-_(prefix) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dera https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entero https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-phil- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_prefix#semi https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_prefix

Numeral prefixes are derived from numerals or occasionally other numbers.

In English and other European languages, they are used to coin numerous series of words, such as unicycle – bicycle – tricycle, dyad – triad – decade, biped – quadruped, September – October – November – December, decimal – hexadecimal, sexagenarian – octogenarian, centipede – millipede, etc.

There are two principal systems, taken from Latin and Greek, each with several subsystems; in addition, Sanskrit occupies a marginal position.

There is also an international set of metric prefixes, which are used in the metric system, and which for the most part are either distorted from the forms below or not based on actual number words.

In some forms, a final vowel is dropped before a root that begins with a vowel, with the exceptions of bi-, which is bis- before a vowel, and of the other monosyllables, du-, di-, dvi-, tri-, which are invariable.

• Cardinal series

• derived from cardinal numbers

• English:

  • one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eigth, nine, ten

  • Short scale: septillion (1000^8)

  • Long scale: quadrillion (10^24)

• Greek : mono, bi, ter, quater, quint, hepta, sesta

• Latin : un(us), due, tres, quattor, quinque, sex, septa, octa, nove, deci

• Multiple series

  • based on adverbial numbers

  • English: once, twice, thrice (or three times), then n times

• Distributive series:

  • original meaning is now frequently lost

  • English: one each, two each,... n each

  • one by one, two by two, ..., n by n

• Ordinal series

  • based on ordinal numbers

  • EN: first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth

  • EN: written numerically, numbers are suffixed with -th unless ending in:

    • -1 suffix: -st (1st, 21st, 101st, etc)

    • -2 suffix: -nd (2nd, 32nd, 502nd, etc)

    • -3 suffix: -rd (3rd, 93rd, 1203rd, etc)

• Fractions:

  • If n>2, the ordinal forms are used for fractions

  • only the fraction 1/2 has special forms

For the hundreds, there are competing forms:

• -gent- derived from the original Latin

• -cent- derived from centi- (and similar) plus prefixes for 1..9

Deca- (and dec-) sometimes deka- is a common English-language numeral prefix derived from the Late Latin decas ("(set of) ten"), from Ancient Greek δέκας (dékas), from δέκα (déka, "ten").[

Decennial, ten-yearly or a celebration of ten years.

The decimal numeral system also called base-ten positional numeral system, and occasionally called denary or decanary.

• demi (metric prefix) (or demi-), a former metric unit prefix not adopted by SI

• demi- (numerical prefix), a linguistic prefix representing half, see Numeral prefix

Arity (adicity)

Or the number of arguments a function et al. takes

Where many in the table means more then 1 and loose means variable number of arguments, i.e. a variadic function can handle being called with any number of arguments.

nr.	Latin	Greek	Note
argc	Arity	Adicity	number of args
n	n-ary	n-adic
0	nullary	niladic	medadic, zeroadic
1	unary	monadic
2	binary	dyadic
3	ternary	triadic
4	quaternary	tetradic
5	quinary	pentadic
6	senary	hexadic
7	septenary	heptadic
8	octonary	ogdoadic
9	novenary	enneadic
10	denary	decadic
11	undenary	endecadic
12	duodenary	dodecadic
20	vigenary	icosadic
many		polyadic
(...)		variadic

Arity: nullary (0), unary (1), binary (2), ternary (3), quaternary (4), quinary (5), senary (6), septenary (7), octonary (8), novenary (9), denary (10)

Adicity: 0 niladic, 1 monadic, 2 dyadic, 3 triadic, 4 tetradic, 5 pentadic, 6 hexadic, 7 heptadic, 8 octadic, 9 enneadic, 10 decadic

unsorted

nonary

• relating to or based on the number 9

• from Latin nōnus ninth

  nonarius from

duadic nonadic k-adic p-adic

Tuples

solitary double, pair triple, triplet quadruple quintuple sextuple (hextuple) septuple (heptuple)

Folds

twofold, duplicate threefold, triplicate fourfold fivefold sixfold sevenfold

novemdecillion (US) 1 followed by 60 zeros, (UK) 1 followed by 114 zeros